AutocarNovember 06, 2024的目錄

Hyundai has unveiled the RN24, the latest in a line of “rolling lab” test cars, that uses motorsport-inspired technology to preview the “near future” of the brand’s high-performance EVs. Based on the same E-GMP platform as the Ioniq 5 N but 340mm shorter, owing to the redesigned 84kWh battery pack, the bare-bones EV pairs its road-going sibling’s 641bhp, 546lb ft dual-motor powertrain with a WRCinspired lightweight chassis. This was part of a brief “to fit the most powerful EV powertrain into the smallest possible package”. Aside from a host of experimental kit, one key feature is Rally mode. This electronically simulates the technical (and mechanical) four-wheel drive system used by the i20 N Rally1 to optimise torque distribution. This, said Hyundai, shows that complex systems can be streamlined and made…

IAN CALLUM’S EPONYMOUS design and engineering consultancy has built a second road-legal Jaguar C-X75, describing it as the “satisfying conclusion” for “the one that got away”. The Jaguar C-X75 was designed by Ian Callum, unveiled at the 2010 Paris motor show and signed off for production in May 2011. However, it was cancelled the following year because of the global economic downturn. It went on to star in the 2015 James Bond film Spectre and several stunt cars were built by Williams Advanced Engineering, using a tubular spaceframe chassis and a supercharged 5.0-litre V8. Earlier this year, the Callum consultancy modified one of those stunt cars for the road – and now it has gone further with another commission, restoring much of the functionality the C-X75 would have had if…

BY FAR THE most important part of any EV is the battery. It’s also one of the youngest technologies because, while first conceived in the 1800s, the first commercial lithium ion batteries were made by Sony in 1991. And another thing: we hear lots of confusing names for them, but how different are they? For instance, is a lithium-iron-phosphate battery a lithium ion battery or something else? Despite the fancy names, they are all lithium ion batteries, they all work the same way and they all have the same basic components in them. Batteries are actually hundreds of battery cells, each producing a few volts and packed together in a casing to provide the energy an EV needs. Each cell contains two electrodes: a positive cathode and a negative anode.…

JLR has offered to buy back hundreds of Jaguar I-Pace cars fitted with batteries that could overheat and potentially catch fire. Up to 264 I-Paces registered in the UK are subject to recall H484, which affects 2019-modelyear cars fitted with traction batteries manufactured by LG Energy Solution between March and May 2018. JLR said the move had been made due to an “elevated safety risk”, referring to concerns about the battery’s tendency to overheat. Owners are “strongly advised to park and charge their vehicles outdoors, away from structures, and limit the charge to a maximum of 75% to minimise risks”. As such, “a full traction battery replacement may be required”. The pack is covered by an eight-year/100,000-mile warranty. JLR has offered affected owners either a battery replacement or – for…

I’m an enthusiast who has had lots of great affordable driver’s cars over the years. I’ve got great memories of redlining Honda Type Rs, warbling five-cylinder Fords, powersliding Alfas and embarrassing far pricier machinery in a Fiat Panda. My current car is electric (Nissan Ariya e-4orce), as is my wife’s (Renault Megane E-Tech). Both are salary-sacrifice cars so make sense financially, and they do mundane family stuff brilliantly. When we were making the decision to move from ICE to EV, the number of naysayers was disconcerting and something I’d not experienced before when choosing a new car. Everyone had an opinion and none of it was supportive of EVs: friends, work colleagues and forum posters talking about poor performance, increased weight, lack of engine noise, lack of engagement and poor…

The new Abarth 600e proves that even a brand you would normally associate with small, feisty, Fiat-based runabouts isn’t immune to electric crossovers. But this entry into one very saturated market has allowed Abarth to explore new heights of performance and attempt to prove that cars like this can still be fun. So, is it every bit the track-slaying performer its maker says it is, or is it a bright-green mush made from the Stellantis parts bin? Let’s find out. Despite being obviously derived from the Fiat 600e, the Abarth 600e is technically based on a different platform. A high-performance derivative of the e-CMP platform, the new Perfo e-CMP has brought about a 30mm-wider front track and 25mm-wider rear track than on the Fiat, a performance-enhancing battery cooling system and…

Nine hundred and twelve horsepower. That’s what you get with this, the range-topping version of Audi’s recently refreshed E-tron GT, the RS Performance. This electric saloon has just received the same updates as its Porsche Taycan sibling, notably a bigger battery (97kWh usable instead of 84kWh), improved efficiency, faster charging (320kW instead of 270kW) and more power. It’s a mark of how easy it is to achieve big power in EVs that there has been little song and dance about this absurdly powerful car. A 0-62mph time of 2.5sec ought to be big news, but the Tesla Model S Plaid has been there and done that, as has the Taycan Turbo S. Even so, unleashing it all remains eye-opening. Not in an ‘oh my God, I’m hurtling towards a lamp-post’…

MENTION HOT HATCHES and the first thing that comes to most enthusiasts’ minds is Volkswagen’s GTI line. Indeed, so iconic is the badge that the company’s new boss has made it clear that he wouldn’t have created the GTX badge for EVs – and indeed it will be retired. For the time being, though, the new ID 3 GTX is as close as we’re going to get to an electric Golf GTI. The standard ID 3 GTX sends 282bhp to its rear wheels, while the Performance version (the only one you can buy in the UK) ramps that up to 322bhp, cutting the 0-62mph sprint time by 0.2sec. Energy comes from a 79kWh battery, good for a 369-mile range. Aside from some sharperlooking air intakes, bumpers and side sills, plus…

The Lexus F-brand performance car – that superbly left-field, one-fingered salute to German performance car hegemony – might now finally be a spent force. With both the IS F and GS F super-saloons fading in the memory, the subject of this road test – the RC F Ultimate Edition – is a V8-engined full stop of a sort. For the past 20 years, these cars have been like some wonderfully strange experiment for Toyota’s global luxury brand. Out to forge an alternative path towards an enthusiastic audience, they’ve been entirely undiverted by horsepower races with Munich and Stuttgart. They’ve proven, instead, that Lexus knows perfectly well how to build noisy, ebullient, exciting cars: boldly, with commitment – and entirely on its own terms. What comes next for the Fuji Speedway…

I am standing in a quiet, shady car park on the northern edge of Los Angeles and a Citroën BX on UK numberplates is floating through a car park before me. This is the aptly named Cars and Coffee Los Angeles, a fairly low-key event that takes place in the foothills of the Santa Monica mountains that tower above Downtown LA. From 7am until 10am on the last Sunday of every month, a sleepy car park on the site of the original Los Angeles Zoo is transformed into a petrolhead’s paradise. At least, that’s what I’ve been told. But it’s currently 6.55am and my Uber driver has dropped me off in a large, depressingly empty car park. I sit for a minute or so, working out my next move. Then…

MILEAGE 7392 WHY WE’RE RUNNING IT To see if this potent electric hatchback’s award-winning reputation survives real-world use Over the past few weeks I’ve encountered several strange issues with the Born that have evolved into real annoyances. Perhaps the most irritating of the lot concerns the front windows. Opening them is fine, and I often drive with one window half down. But when I try to close them – engaging the ‘double click’ of the window switch upwards – the offending window does the complete opposite of what I want it to do and actually lowers further. Interestingly, this is something I experienced with my Volkswagen ID 4 long-termer almost three years ago. The two cars share the same platform and the same electronics, but it’s odd to see the…

MILEAGE 12,757 WHY WE’RE RUNNING IT Can an approved-used Porsche match the ownership experience of a new one? Not long into a 120-mile journey, I realised that I had forgotten to plug my EV in to charge and didn’t have enough range to reach my destination. A few years back that would have been a recipe for disaster, but in the Taycan Sport Turismo it was a showcase of the new world of EV charging that we had been promised for so long. If you buy a new Porsche EV, you get free access to the Porsche Charging Service for three years, and beyond that there’s a monthly charge. The service essentially gives you easy access to a ‘virtual’ charging network: instead of building up its own network like Tesla,…

Christmas Day 2023 is one that Dan Baines will C never forget. “Ever since seeing one at Silverstone years ago, I’d always wanted a Mégane R26.R,” he says. “Last December, I found a 2009-reg with 44,000 miles for sale. It was being offered by a friend in the trade. I trusted him. I never saw the car and never drove it but we negotiated the price on Christmas Eve by WhatsApp and on Christmas Day I bought it.” The Mégane R26.R is the trackfocused version of the regular Mégane R26 and was launched in 2008 costing – are you sitting down? – just £24,000. The 2.0-litre turbo engine was unchanged and produces the same 227bhp. The gear ratios were unchanged too, but the lever has a shorter throw. Despite this,…

“Due by early 2028, the M3 is being engineered for both powertrains in a bid to maximise its appeal” The BMW M3 will return for a seventh-generation with the choice of either a straight-six turbo petrol engine or a high-tech EV powertrain with huge power and unprecedented dynamic ability. Due by early 2028, the next M3 is being engineered for both powertrains in a bid to maximise its appeal and in line with BMW’s ongoing commitment to combustion power. The current car’s ‘S58’ twin-turbo 3.0-litre straight six has been made compliant with upcoming emissions regulations, meaning the petrol M3 can – for as long as customer demand dictates – remain on sale alongside the allnew electric version, which will be based on BMW’s Neue Klasse platform. In a wide-reaching interview…

SCOUT MOTORS, THE Volkswagen Groupowned revival of American 4x4 brand International Harvester, has revealed its first two models. The Traveler is an electric Land Rover Defender rival, while the Terra is an electric pickup truck that will take on the likes of the Rivian R1T, Tesla Cybertruck and Chevrolet Silverado EV. The siblings have been unveiled in nearproduction concept form, with both due to enter production in 2027. Their body-on-frame construction is said to be completely unrelated to the Volkswagen Group’s MEB and PPE platforms for electric cars. Their batteries and electronics, running on an 800V system, will be supplied by Canadian firm Magna. Originally conceived as a pure-electric revival of the original International Harvester Scout range, made from 1960 to 1980, the pair will now offer the option of…

Renault will introduce an all-new generation of electric cars from 2028, with the promise of such significant improvements in efficiency, charging, sustainability and functionality that they will in effect “catch up two generations in one”. One year on from its foundation, the Renault Group’s Ampere division has outlined plans to slash battery costs by 50% over the next three years, boost rolling efficiency to 5.2 miles per kWh and cut charging times to just 15 minutes. Renault CEO Luca de Meo suggested a subtle evolution of the recently revealed Emblème concept will be one of the first newera EVs, saying: “Whenever I put something on a stage, I tend to do it in the end.” Renault’s last three high-profile concepts – the 4, 5 and Scenic EVs – all reached…

“Increasing fuel duty would be the wrong decision” Fuel duty has been frozen for another year, first-year VED rates for new ICE cars have doubled and some £2 billion has been put aside to develop the UK’s automotive industry, chancellor Rachel Reeves has announced in the much-anticipated Autumn Budget. Notably, however, no measures to incentivise private buyers to purchase new electric cars have been introduced, despite calls from manufacturers and lobbying groups. Here we round up the key automotive takeaways from the budget. FUEL DUTY FREEZE EXTENDED In the build-up to the budget, reports suggested Reeves was set to remove the 5p cut in fuel duty, which was introduced in March 2022, to raise the extra government funding. She said that a reversal of the 5p-per-litre cut and allowing duties…

THE NEW PORSCHE 911 Carrera T has been revealed as the lowestpriced driver-focused version of the brand’s venerable sports car. Priced from £111,300, it is available exclusively with a six-speed manual gearbox and features weightsaving measures – such as lightweight windows and reduced sound insulation – that leave it 40kg lighter than the entry-level 911 Carrera, at 1478kg. The Carrera T packs the same twin-turbocharged 3.0-litre flat six as that car, putting out 389bhp and 332lb ft of torque. It yields a 0-62mph time of 4.5sec. The car also gets a quicker steering ratio than the outgoing version and four-wheel steering as standard, which was previously an optional extra. Visual tweaks include the fitment of Carrera S lightweight wheels, the 911 GTS’s rear spoiler and novel shift-pattern stickers on the…

FEATURE AC COBRA We take a journey from Brooklands in one of four final MkII Cobras made by AC Cars before it embarks on a new adventure INTERVIEW ROLLS-ROYCE’S NEW CEO How ex-BMW boss Chris Brownridge is forging a new era at Goodwood ROAD TEST MERCEDES-BENZ CLE 300E Our spotlight falls on the hybrid version of Merc’s mainstream coupé EVERY WEEK LONG-TERM REPORT LEXUS LBX Is the luxury brand’s smallestever car a welcome addition to its range? Time for our final verdict USED BUYING GUIDE VOLVO XC90 A second-hand example of this handsome large SUV could be everything you need and more…

“The accelerative force is almost EVequallingly strong” With 631bhp, the twinturbocharged 4.0-litre petrol V8 beneath the bonnet of the new RS Q8 Performance is the most powerful combustion engine ever offered in an Audi Sport model, eclipsing the 621bhp tune of the same engine in the RS6 Avant and RS7 Sportback. Given that there’s no electrical hybrid boost here, it’s a pleasingly old-school achievement worthy of some celebration – even if you might prefer Audi Sport’s most potent engine to be offered in a fast estate or coupé, rather than a hulking great 2.3-tonne SUV. Even if the power hike keeps pace with the 628bhp BMW X6 M Competition and 626bhp Range Rover Sport SV, you might wonder why. After all, the 592bhp offered in the standard RS Q8 is…

The Volkswagen Golf GTE has always been a curious machine. The badge suggests it’s a plug-in hybrid GTI, but the GTE has never really fooled the keen driver. In reality, it’s a regular Golf with some extra dynamic flair and a whole lot less company car tax. Like the rest of the Golf range, the GTE has gained some pretty impressive updates for 2024 to keep it in line with the model’s widereaching ‘Mk8.5’ mid-life update. The changes are noticeable as soon as you climb in. Volkswagen’s latest and more responsive 12.9in touchscreen infotainment system is on full display and steering wheel buttons make a return following a much-maligned absence. A new 1.5-litre turbocharged petrol four replaces the 1.4-litre unit used previously, and it’s supported by a 108bhp electric motor.…

TESTED 22.10.24, OXFORDSHIRE DELIVERIES NOW A NEW RS5, so soon after the launch of the brand-new A5? Well, no. Audi is on a breakneck launch schedule at the moment, with the all-new Q6 E-tron and A5 being presented in quick succession and the A6 E-tron and new Q5 coming soon. But this RS5 Sportback Performance Edition is the last of the old generation. You might remember a review a few months ago of a very expensive, very yellow RS4 Avant, the Edition 25 Years. This RS5 is basically the same thing but wrapped up in a five-door coupé body instead of an estate one. Audi is making only 250 examples and it costs £99,940 – a bit less than that RS4. In short, it’s a run-out limited edition with 20bhp…

WHY WE RAN IT A switch from FWD to RWD brings better range, efficiency and drivability – but what about everyday appeal? So frequent are new model launches and so powerful is the allure of the latest badge to magpie-like buyers that if you’re standing still in the electric car world, you’re going backwards. Indeed, despite a completely overhauled 2 being launched just 12 months ago (a ‘facelift’ so extensive that it switched the powertrain from front-wheel drive to rearwheel drive, creating one of the most rounded and best-executed electric cars on the market), Polestar’s UK sales have gone down 37% this year within an EV market that has gone up 13%. Not fair, is it? Polestar’s response has been to at last go from a single model to a…

Of all the exotica launched in 2020, it was Toyota’s GR Yaris that attracted the greatest interest, for it was an all-new, rally-inspired hot hatch that could thrill like a purebred sports car at half the price. This lovable rogue was originally conceived to be a homologation special for Toyota Gazoo Racing’s 2021 World Rally Championship contender (it had little in common with the regular Yaris), but Covid complications meant it would never actually hit the gravel. Toyota could have stuck a GR Yaris prototype in a museum and left it at that, then, but petrolhead boss Akio Toyoda made sure that it reached production – and everyone was extremely grateful that he did. Four years on, the GR Yaris is still riding a wave of success, with more than…

FORD FOCUS RS 2009, 28,000 miles, £31,995 An unmodified, low-mileage Mk2 Focus RS is hard to find so it’s no surprise that this pristine example is £32k. That Mégane (left) might be more fun, but the Mk2 RS is a standard-bearer for the hot hatch breed, with its characterful 301bhp five-pot. SUBARU COSWORTH IMPREZA STI CS400 2011, 56,000 miles, £37,995 This one-of-75 CS400 has 395bhp and a 0-62mph time of 3.7sec. With enhanced suspension, brakes and interior, it’s one of the finest Imprezas going. The dealer claims this collector-owned example is in “excellent condition”. HONDA CIVIC TYPE R MUGEN 200 2010, 26,000 miles, £18,995 With just two previous owners, a full service history and low miles, this Mugen 200 is too good to pass by. It has the same power…

BMW has no plans to retire the divisive XM super-SUV, contrary to reports, because of its popularity in crucial luxury markets. Reports earlier this year suggested the M division’s SUV flagship was destined to bow out at the end of 2028, with no successor planned, but Frank van Meel says the Lamborghini Urus rival plays an important role globally and it is not destined for the chopping block. Asked if BMW could pull the XM from sale, he responded: “No way.” He added that while the XM is not a high-volume offering in the UK – BMW has sold fewer than 200 examples here since the start of 2023 – it is much more popular in the US and the Middle East. He said: “Worldwide, we’re selling more XMs than…

Suzuki has finally unveiled its first electric car, the eVitara, becoming one of the last major car makers to enter the EV market. Previewed by the striking eVX SUV concept in 2023, the production model is a blockier representation of that car and comes paired with a name that’s familiar to drivers across the European markets – a move intended to win over buyers. At 4275mm long, 1800mm wide and 1636mm tall, it is slightly bigger than its unrelated combustion-engined namesake, which positions it as a rival to models such as the Mini Aceman and Volvo EX40. It sits on Suzuki’s new Heartect-e architecture, which has been adapted from the scalable platform that underpins a range of ICE models, including the Swift hatchback. The Japanese brand said the platform has…

NISSAN IS IN the early stages of developing for Europe an entry-level city EV, which will be twinned with the upcoming Renault Twingo. CEO Makoto Uchida said Nissan is in talks with Alliance partner Renault’s Ampere EV division about developing an A-segment EV based on the Ampr Small platform used by the French firm’s 2026 baby EV. Uchida said Nissan is “on track” to launch an electric successor to the Micra on that platform next year and he wanted to maintain “the positive momentum” of the firms’ collaboration with a second, smaller model. Renault has committed to bringing the Twingo to market for less than £17k and with a cruising efficiency of 6.2mpkWh. Uchida gave no hint at Nissan’s plans, but said its city car “will deliver the convenience and…

ON HIS WAY up the ranks at Mercedes-Benz, Ola Källenius was unusual among his peers for being so relaxed and approachable, always smiling and without a tie and up for small talk as much as any interview. In the time since I last interviewed him a few years ago, when he was R&D boss, he has ascended to the top job at Mercedes. He is now navigating the company through not only the challenges facing most of his peers (stalling EV demand, a growing trade war with China) but also the repositioning of the brand away from mainstream models such as the A-Class and towards a more exclusive offering. That shift in positioning has not been met with one for Källenius himself. When we meet at Mercedes’ Immendingen R&D base,…

WE NO SPEAK ITALIANO I very much enjoyed Matt Prior’s musings on how to say ‘Ferrari 12Cilindri’ and similar language matters, negotiating that fine line between ignorance and snobbery (Prior Conviction, 2 October). In the past I worked for Fiat, where I learned to speak Italian, so I find it natural to use the original language. I think where the car name is in Italian, one should try to use the correct pronunciation. ‘Ferrari Rome’ or ‘Ferrari 458 Italy’ would seem lazy – perverse even – but I have no problem with ‘Fiat Five Hundred’, as I acknowledge that the general public would not necessarily know the Italian. As regards food and drink, I find myself choosier: the ‘g’ in ‘tagliatelle’ pasta is silent and people asking for a ‘larty’…

“Like all the best small cars, it’s narrow; yet unlike them, it’s not light” The new Hyundai Inster is a tiny city car with equipment levels that wouldn’t look out of place in a Mercedes. While it has grown-up technology, its looks are far more cutesy; the Suzuki Ignis came to mind when I first saw it. It’s electric, yet small dimensions don’t mean a small range: it will go up to 229 miles between charges. An interesting proposition, then. The Inster’s underpinnings can be traced back to the petrol-engined Hyundai Casper that has been sold in Korea since 2021. The Casper has been extended and overhauled to make the Inster, a car designed to be exported and aimed at growing the small electric car market. Pricing starts at £23,495…

WOULD YOU LIKE your supersaloon with a bit more boot space? Put that way, the super-estate sounds like an obvious idea. Indeed, Audi Sport and Mercedes-AMG have long been fans, respectively offering fast A4s and A6s and C-Classes and E-Classes with additional head room for your dog. BMW M has a more on-again, off-again relationship with estates, but the new M3 Touring has clearly made some waves, because it has inspired a Touring version of the M5 as well, for only the third time in the model’s long history. For only £2000 more than the M5 saloon, you can get a car that’s just as quick in the real world (you won’t miss the 0.1sec the Touring gives up in the 0-62mph sprint) but gains a good dose of practicality.…

Real people buy Dusters. Dacia has sold 2.2 million at an accelerating rate since 2010 and makes 1000 per day. In 2022, even though the Mk2 was reaching the end of its life and couldn’t offer hybrid power, it became Europe’s top-selling SUV among private buyers – and Dacia aims to do even better with the smarter-looking and even more practical Mk3, just launched. The Duster’s drawcard has always been simplicity, practicality and toughness – qualities that led Dacia to stage the Mk3’s UK launch in a huge and very picturesque quarry, with access both to a selection of stirring road routes and a short but attention-getting off-road track. The Duster’s mantra – everything you want and nothing you don’t – is unchanged. But it has moved onto Renault’s more…

The tired old gag is that McLaren likes to offer many different versions of the same car, only with the power wound up or down. Was that ever fair to say? In a sense, sure. It is certainly an accusation you will invite if you rely on largely the same carbonfibre monocoque and twin-turbo 4.0-litre Ricardo V8 for years on end, applying them across a broad range of models, generations and price points. The justifiable reason for this outward lack of variety – bluntly, the wafer-thin business case for investing in expensive new fundamentals – never seemed satisfactory when, during the same period, Ferrari was putting out V8 and V12 options, some blown, others atmospheric. And yet, at the same time, it’s mighty unfair to say the British supercar maker…

“The Model S is, quite simply, a landmark moment in our lives.” Our tester’s words, printed in these very pages back in 2013, when we put an early, left-hand-drive Tesla Model S up against the Porsche Panamera and Aston Martin Rapide – and crowned the Tesla the winner. Sales of the Tesla Model S actually began in the UK a few months later, in 2014. This, of course, was the real start for the American brand. Sure, the dainty little Tesla Roadster whirred off the production line at Hethel and into a five-star Autocar road test verdict in February 2009. But when the Model S arrived in 2014, that was the game-changer. The Nissan Leaf, Renault Zoe and BMW i3 had been chipping away at electrification for the mainstream market,…

“The sense of liberation an ICE car provides is underrated” WHY WE’RE RUNNING IT Is there still room for a fashion-focused premium offering in the shrinking supermini segment? Much has been made of whether the new Mini Cooper really merits being described as such, because if you peel back the subtly updated bodywork, rip out the funky knitted dashboard and disconnect the massive circular touchscreen, you will be left with fundamentally the same chassis and body-in-white as those used by its predecessor, which went on sale way back in 2013. While the electric Cooper is all-new, now built in China atop a platform co-engineered with Great Wall Motor, the latest version of the ICE hatch – still built in Oxford atop BMW’s front-driven FAAR platform – is more like a…

MILEAGE 8218 WHY WE’RE RUNNING IT To see if the definitive executive car is now electric, albeit in £100k guise As I write this, driving impressions of the new BMW M5 saloon have just landed. You might have heard some rumblings about the kerb weight of the latest M car, which in Touring estate form will be 2550kg, although that includes a 90%-full fuel tank and a 75kg driver (turn to p27 for more details). Incidentally, one of the things we have to be careful about in this business is manufacturers that prefer to quote weights without that allowance; aren’t quite specific about it; hide it away somewhere; or quote that annoying dry weight instead, as if a car will work without oil, petrol and, oh, I don’t know, screenwash.…

AN OWNER’S VIEW NATHAN BEECROFT “One thing that took me by surprise straight away after driving my GR Yaris was how easy it was to drive. The seats are very comfortable and the car is very compliant overall. The adaptive cruise control is also one of the best I’ve used. In terms of running costs, I average around 30mpg on my 10-mile commute, which includes a mix of A- and B-roads, although it will do 40mpg on a long motorway run. I’d be wary of any particularly modified car – a lot of them have been - and it’s always worth doing research on the brands or companies used.” BUYER BEWARE… ■ ENGINE A drop in turbo pressure is a common issue, typically solved by replacing the boost sensor/solenoid. Take…