Auto Express 1784의 목차

Alastair_Crooks@autovia.co.uk @AllieCrooks ● Mission X promises huge pace ● Power to weight ratio of 1:1 PORSCHE’S history of range-topping hypercars consists of just three models – the 959, Carrera GT and 918 Spyder. But now the firm has revealed a new concept that could well become the fourth instalment: the Mission X. Revealed to mark 75 years since the first 356 ‘No.1’ Roadster hit the roads, the Mission X is officially just a concept for now. But Porsche points out that previous design studies “have always laid the groundwork for the future”. A sleek two-seater, the Mission X is 4.5 metres long and two metres wide, with a wheelbase of 2.73 metres, making it comparable in size to the Carrera GT and 918 Spyder. The body is designed for downforce,…

THE system uses a fingerprint scanner inside the car and a camera in the door pillar, and it’s very easy to initialise, says DrivingElectric editor Richard Ingram. After going through the on-screen menus and uploading your fingerprint, a quick face capture from outside the car and the process is complete. By measuring unique parameters like the distance from your nose to your ears, it’s apparently more secure than a PIN or password. Repeating the process proves it isn’t failsafe – in the same way that you can’t always unlock your smartphone on the first go – but it never took us more than two tries to open the GV60’s door and start the car on a clear summer’s day. Genesis says the system is designed to work in all weathers,…

• Even if you have locked your vehicle, check you haven’t left any windows or the sunroof open. • Keep your keys safe, out of view when at home, and away from your front door. • Thieves only need to be within a few metres of your car key to capture the signal, even if it’s inside your home. This means that, even if your car and home are secure, thieves can still unlock, start and steal your car. • Keep your car key and the spare well away from the car at home. You should put the keys in a signal-blocking pouch to add protection and stop it from providing a signal to any relay device used by thieves. • Look to reprogramme your keys if you buy a…

mail@autoexpress.co.uk @AutoExpress FROM: Lee Daniel Buick FINALLY, we’ve got the DB11 we should have had from the start. The exterior is more DBS-looking, and the interior is amazing. Aston lost its way a little after Dr Ulrich Bez, with the previous Vantage and DB9 under his belt. FROM: Lee Mack JUST when you think that they cannot better perfection, Aston Martin always pulls the impossible bunny out of the hat. Keep it up, Aston Martin; you are by far the finest bespoke sports-car maker in the world bar none. Join the debate at www.autoexpress.co.uk ■ “They extend the design language with each new model. This one is gorgeous.”David McGlassom ■ “Bring back Ian Callum. The DB7 and 9 were the most beautiful, or maybe the Lagonda and Bulldog.”Paul Spencer ■…

sean_carson@autovia.co.uk Running costs 31.3mpg (off icial) £125 fill-up Performance 0-62mph/top speed 6.7 seconds/119mph BACK in 1948, at the Amsterdam Motor Show of all places, Land Rover revealed its iconic Series 1. Those Series cars would later morph into the Defender, staying true to the original model’s ethos. Wind the clock forward 75 years and the Defender is still with us today – albeit as a slightly different proposition – but to mark the special occasion the brand has added this Defender 75th Limited Edition to the line-up. It’s certainly distinctive, given that Land Rover’s traditional Grasmere Green paintwork is the only colour on offer – the same hue as the 2015 Defender limited-edition model – with the new car also available with 20-inch wheels finished in the same colour. It’s…

LONG-time Kia buyer Duncan Herries lives in Stirlingshire, and has been driving a variety of Kia models since 2011, having been attracted to the brand by its prices and value. Duncan’s family Sorento is used to commute to Glasgow for much of the week, then takes his footballing teenager to matches across central Scotland at weekends, and also makes light work of transporting the immediate family plus in-laws on trips and holidays. He racks up 14,000 miles per year, and values both the functionality and the economy of his car, telling us: “It will sit at 70mph, fully loaded with four adults and a teenager, plus a load of suitcases, all the way to Manchester and back on a full tank of fuel.” The ex-military man who works for Barclays…

chris_Rosamond@autovia.co.uk CATEGORIES: Value • Engine & gearbox • Exterior • Interior & comfort • Practicality & space • Ride & handling • Safety features • MPG & running costs • Reliability & build quality • Infotainment, connectivity & electrics IT’S fascinating to break down the performances of our Driver Power survey stars by category. It provides a compelling insight into the strengths and weaknesses of individual models, as ranked and reported on by people who have actually paid for their cars and lived with their choices. Even the very best performers can have a weakness or Achilles’ heel, and, as the perfect car has yet to be built, at the very least there will always be compromises – ones which Driver Power is designed to expose. To give that process…

ONE glance at the retail prices, plus another at the badges, and you’d expect the Mercedes to be the more expensive car of these two to run over three years. However, despite slightly higher servicing costs, once you add up the price of the PCP finance deal, fuel bills and insurance, the A 200 starts to look like great value for money compared with the DS 4. On paper, the A 200 is more frugal, averaging 44.8mpg (a figure we matched in real-world testing) compared to 41.4mpg for its rival. It’s a marginal gain, but over three years that means the A-Class saves you £291 – even more impressive when you consider that it’s quicker, too. It’s that finance that really swings things towards the Mercedes, though. On a three-year…

PREMIUM HATCHES Upmarket five-door models are likely to remain in demand, even with electrification on the horizon “MILD-hybrid tech has made worthwhile improvements to the A-Class. While the DS 4 doesn’t have it, the 1.2 PureTech in the revised Peugeot 2008 and Vauxhall Corsa does. It could overcome the clunky stop-start tech that blights the DS 4’s driving experience.” “AS we’ve found previously, it’s the finance rates that make the DS hard to recommend against the best alternatives in the segment. If the brand could find a way to make those numbers more competitive, then not only the DS 4, but also the DS 7 and DS 9, would become much more appealing.” “THE Mercedes has its flaws, but it remains one of the most likeable cars in the class.…

products@autoexpress.co.uk “I did remember to turn off the traction control before the run” VOLKSWAGEN’S T-Roc is not the first car that would come to mind when contemplating motorsport. It’s not even the first in VW’s range, despite the marque’s low-profile race and rally involvement. But it is what I picked for a day at the world’s oldest motorsport venue: Shelsley Walsh Hill Climb in Worcestershire. To be honest, the VWwasn’t my first choice, because when the invitation came through from Shelsley Walsh commercial partner Motul to join the venue’s hill-climb school, I planned to take one of my track cars, which regularly compete in speed events. But administration complications, logistics and the growing appeal of doing something in the T-Roc other than visit my mum and go shopping put the…

Tex adds more classic parts and accessories TEX Automotive has added a glut of new products to its web store, ranging from useful replacement parts to classic car accessories. A selection of ‘easy-fit’ stick-on interior mirrors takes the hassle out of adding one to a classic, while seven-inch sealed-beam headlamps are standard for a wide variety of vehicles. There is also a full range of Castrol-branded merchandise, ranging from five-litre classic oil cans to mugs, pen holders, baker-boy caps and racing jackets. You can see the full line-up of Tex Automotive parts and accessories at texautomotive.com. Aston sounds out link-up with B&W ASTON Martin has announced a partnership with Bowers & Wilkins to provide audio for the new DB12, as well as future models. The full gamut of B&W tech…

LOOKING to upgrade from a modest, mass-manufactured car for the many to a more exclusive, premium model for the few? Upgrading is a perfectly natural and positive goal, but it’s not necessarily the right one – particularly if you’re the type of driver who considers reliability, running costs, safety and value more important than anything else. True, some (not all) premium cars wear instantly recognisable, highly desirable badges that, in effect, scream ‘quality, heritage, provenance’ and all that other good, laudable stuff. Among other things, such personal vehicles may (but may not!) assist you in creating a more upmarket image for yourself. They might even impress your neighbours – although I never will understand the point of trying to do that. Easier to comprehend is this: generally, the most satisfying,…

John_Mcllroy@autovia.co.uk @johnmcilroy ● Orders for EX30 are open now, starting from £33,795 ● Two or four-wheel drive offered, 0-62mph in 3.6 seconds VOLVO wants half of its cars to be pure electric by the middle of this decade – and this pint-sized SUV will play a major part. Called the EX30, it’s on sale now and due to land in UK showrooms in the autumn. The Swedish brand hopes that the car will attract former V40 owners who went to other manufacturers, as well as younger ‘Gen Z’ buyers and even older customers who want to downsize from models such as the XC60 and XC40. The EX30 is Volvo’s smallest SUV ever, and it draws heavily on technology developed by its parent company, Chinese conglomerate Geely. The car uses its…

Steve_Fowler@autovia.co.uk @stevefowler ALL-electric BMW M models should be on sale by 2027, Auto Express can reveal, after M’s development chief Dirk Häcker gave us exclusive insight into the development of the new cars. Although Häcker wouldn’t be drawn on a date for the first all-electric M model, Auto Express understands that it will be based on the firm’s Neue Klasse electric architecture, which will be used for the first time on a BMW model in 2025. That means the first M car to be based on Neue Klasse could be launched as soon as 2026, with a likely on-sale date of 2027. And development work is well under way. “When we’re thinking about an M high-performance electric car, you want to see the M characteristic,” said Häcker. “We know the…

THE following provide help with motoring problems. Some services are free, others charge a fee or operate on premium-rate lines (p), while some offer advice for members only (m) Legal AA: 0345 850 1130 (m) RAC: 0330 159 1446 (m) Citizens Advice Consumer helpline: 03454 040506 Local Trading Standards Local Citizens Advice Bureau Used car inspections AA: 0800 056 8040 RAC: 0330 159 0720 Technical advice AA: 0370 142 0002 (m) Driving licences DVLA: 0300 790 6801 Car registration/history HPI: 0113 222 2010 AA: 0800 316 3564 DVLA: 0300 790 6802 RAC: 0808 164 1923 Traffic information AA: 0906 888 4322 RAC: 09003 444999 (p) Problems with dealers The Motor Ombudsman: 0345 241 3008 Consumer Ombudsman: www.consumerombudsman.org RMIF: 0845 305 4230 Scottish Motor Trade Assoc. 0131 331 5510 Problems with…

sean_carson@autovia.co.uk THE new Renault Austral is a really important car for the French firm. However, as a follow-up to its successful Kadjar family SUV, you could say that the brand is facing the equivalent of the music industry’s ‘difficult second album’. That’s because it’s launching in a sector where competitiveness has increased exponentially. There are the excellent Peugeot 3008 and Skoda Kodiaq to think about, while the Hyundai Tucson (Renault’s number-one benchmark during the development of the Austral, incidentally), Kia Sportage, Nissan Qashqai, Ford Kuga and Toyota RAV4 all come with full hybrid power. So does the Austral, of course. In fact, it’s the only powertrain available in this new model, with the sharp-looking SUV featuring a 1.2-litre three-cylinder turbocharged petrol engine that’s supplemented by a small 1.7kWh battery and…

Jordan_Katsianis@autovia.co.uk Performance 0-62mph/top speed 3.7 seconds/174mph WITH the TT as we know it reaching the end of its life, Audi is hoping that a few of its most committed fans will be convinced by the ultimate expression of the coupé: the TT RS Iconic Edition. It’s limited to 100 units worldwide, with 11 of those set for the UK, and has a £87,650 price tag – £25,485 more than the top-spec TT RS Audi Sport Edition. The technical package is the same as the standard TT RS, with a 394bhp turbocharged 2.5-litre five-cylinder engine, a seven-speed dual-clutch gearbox and Haldex-style all-wheel drive system. But it does get uprated adaptive dampers and 20-inch wheels. Audi’s changes are instead more focused around the design. All Iconic Editions are painted in Nardo Grey,…

ADRIAN Tolley, a Police Community Support Officer, bought his first Dacia Duster from local dealer Stoneacre in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Covid restrictions meant he couldn’t test drive a car beforehand, so he relied on the raft of positive reviews. “I’d spotted a few Dusters and thought they looked nice, but didn’t think I’d be able to afford anything that size,” he says. “Then I started looking into it and realised what great value for money they were. “I’d had a few Renaults before, which is what they are under the skin,” he says, “and what some people saw as ‘old’ mechanics I saw as ‘proven’. The other issue was safety ratings based on a lack of driver aids. I thought, ‘I’ve been driving for 36 years and I don’t actually need…

RETIRED grandmother Geraldine Redding is a serial Citroen owner from Barton-under-Needwood in Staffordshire, and her previous cars have included a C2, two DS3s and a C4 Cactus. While she doesn’t do many miles in her car, having two of her grandchildren living nearby means she needs something with a bit of space and more practicality than the three-door models she used to favour. She doesn’t shop around though. “I’ve always liked Citroens and they’ve always been good at working out a great deal for me,” she says, referring to her local Bristol Street Motors dealer in Burton on Trent. Her latest C4 Shine 1.2 PureTech 130 S/S, financed on a PCP, is now 15 months old, and Geraldine was very happy with the deal after haggling over the price “to…

A FOUNDING principle of the Driver Power survey is that YOUR views matter. It was set up to help fellow car buyers understand what existing owners like the most about the UK’s most popular models – and to reveal the things that they’re not so keen on. The Driver Power survey is ‘always on’, so you can add your views about a car you own at any time. At the moment we’re particularly interested to hear from drivers of electric cars and used cars, which we’ll feature in Driver Power special issues later in the year. So if you’re a new or established EV driver, or own a car that’s more than three years old, get involved! Go to www.autoexpress.co.uk/driver-power…

WINNER Mercedes A-Class 1st ALL of the updates for the revised A-Class are hard to notice, but every one has a positive impact that adds appeal to an already desirable package. The mild-hybrid tech is the most impressive step, making the A 200 both slightly smoother to drive and a little more efficient than before. Then there are the finance payments, which as before, remain very competitive. If you can live with a little less space and refinement than in some rivals, then it’s still one of the top picks in the class. ● Strong performance● Efficient mild-hybrid system● Great infotainment tech● Competitive finance ● Firm ride● Unsupportive back seats● Small boot● Road noise INTERESTED? Scan the code for further information RUNNER UP DS 4 2nd THE DS 4 is…

SAME CLASS Polestar 2 Standard IF desirability is a priority, then it’s hard to overlook the Polestar 2. Striking looks are married to an electric powertrain that makes the combustion alternatives here feel slow, noisy and lumpy to use. A 64kWh battery offers a WLTP range of 322 miles, while 135kW charging means you can go from 10-80 per cent in as little as 34 minutes. The 0-62mph dash takes just seven seconds, all enjoyed from within a cabin oozing with understated cool. ● Slick electric powertrain● Classy cabin ● So-so charge speeds● Firm ride SAME MONEY Audi Q3 40 TFSI S line THE Audi A3 is a competitive alternative to the A-Class as a new model, but the larger, more practical Q3 is a great used buy. We found…

CHANGING the engine oil is probably one of the first jobs tackled by the DIY mechanic. It is simple to do, pretty quick and requires relatively few tools. It can also be fairly inexpensive. Before pulling on the overalls, do a bit of research. Check the handbook or online to see if there are additional measures required for your car, apart from removing the oil and filter and replacing them. Also make sure you can get to the filter and sump plug. If you can’t, you may need to raise the car with a jack and axle stands. Make sure you have the correct tool to undo the sump plug, some way of removing the filter, and a container for the old oil to drain into. You may need specialist…

THERE will usually be a can of WD-40 in every car enthusiast’s shed. It is almost as useful as a screwdriver, helping to keep parts moving and corrosion-free, keeping moisture out of electrics and even cleaning away sticky gloop, such as tar, from paintwork. But while WD-40 is the best known of these all-round lubricants, does it do the best job? In the past, Bilt-Hamber Ferrosol was top in all of our tests, but it’s pricier than the big seller, especially via mail order. Now a new rival has appeared and it’s aimed right at WD-40. Tetrosyl’s Rocket TT even mimics its famous rival’s classic logo, and if you shop around, it is half the price of the market leader. In our test it matched or outperformed WD-40, which is…

Chris_Rosamond@autovia.co.uk WITH reports from all sides of used EV prices falling faster than their petrol or diesel equivalents, there has arguably never been a better time to consider a used Nissan Leaf – or one of its all-electric rivals. But that’s only true if you can charge at home, and don’t need to take your car to places where the public charging infrastructure is a problem. As you can read earlier in the magazine (page 41), the Leaf isn’t one of this year’s Driver Power standouts, but it earns a podium place for its super-smooth drivetrain, only just misses the top 20 for running costs, and has scores in the top half of the table for reliability and safety. The interior quality and style aren’t rated very well, but it’s…

Chris_Rosamond@autovia.co.uk ● Rising crime rate shows old tech is vulnerable to electronic attack ● Genesis to introduce facial-recognition tech on new GV60 SUV BIOMETRIC security is coming to cars as makers respond to rising theft rates, and Genesis is leading the way with a new high-security facial recognition system. New for the 2023 model-year GV60 electric SUV, every model has facial and fingerprint-recognition tech, allowing you to leave your keys at home and open your car with just your eyes, ears, mouth and nose. Genesis claims it’s a world first in the automotive sector; no other manufacturer will let you unlock and drive your car in the same way, although many offer ‘digital keys’ that let you use a smartphone for access. In the past couple of years, smartphone tech…

A 25-per cent jump in the number of cars stolen last year is “clearly linked to organised crime”, a National Police Chiefs’ Council (NPCC) source told us. “The rapid development of technology has dramatically improved the experience of drivers, but it has allowed criminals to exploit weaknesses in electronic security. We are working in partnership with car manufacturers to help them design out crime by sharing intelligence and equipment seized from criminals. “There are often difficulties in gathering evidence and we are working with government to consider extra measures to make stealing a car a higher-risk and lower-value crime.”…

New Kodiaq goes into production in autumn SKODA has issued a fresh teaser for its next-gen Kodiaq, showing the car in bare-metal form and confirming that it will go into production at the Kvasiny factory in Czechia in the autumn. The company says it is spending 12 million Euros (£10.3m) to adapt the existing line for the new vehicle, which will be the first Kodiaq to feature plug-in hybrid power. Major milestone for Nissan Sunderland STAFF at Nissan’s plant in Sunderland have been celebrating the production of the site’s 11 millionth vehicle. The car in question was a Qashqai E-Power, and the tally works out at an average of one car built every two minutes in the 37 years since Sunderland’s first model, the Bluebird, rolled off the line. The…

Steve_Fowler@autovia.co.uk @stevefowler Running costs 27.2mpg (off icial) £84 fill-up Performance 0-62mph/top speed 3.4 seconds/188mph AS sure as night follows day, when a new BMW M car is launched, a CS isn’t far behind. The new M3 is the latest M car to get the CS treatment, with an increase in power of 39bhp over the M3 Competition, numerous chassis tweaks, a stringent weight-saving programme and four-wheel drive all designed to make it more focused. Clearly with an eye on the brilliantly received M5 CS, rather than the M4 CSL with its marginally less-enthusiastic reception, BMW M’s head of development Dirk Häcker told us, “I think the M3 CS is the little brother of the M5 CS. We wanted a car that offered something more sporting and with more performance than…

Chris_Rosamond@autovia.co.uk WELCOME to the Driver Power 2023 New Car survey, the UK’s most eagerly anticipated guide to customer satisfaction levels in the new-car market. Thanks to the generosity of the thousands of Driver Power respondents who have shared their personal experience and insights, we can provide a wealth of information for would-be buyers of the 75 most satisfying-to-own cars, as voted for in the survey. We ask buyers and drivers for detailed feedback on a wide range of categories affecting their experiences with their own cars. Once these responses have been processed, and statistical weightings applied, the survey delivers results representative of views on a national level. Read on to find out what real owners think about the top 75 models of 2023. HOW THE RATINGS WORK A. This number tells…

POOR service at a Mercedes dealer prompted Trevor Hall, from Lincolnshire, to switch to Lexus, and the retired RX 450h driver is on his second one. His wife drives a Lexus UX, and both the cars and the service have been highly satisfactory. “I’m not a petrolhead, and we’re not too bothered about what we drive, but we want a personal service from a dealer, and want to be treated reasonably well, considering we’re spending sixty thousand pounds,” he says. Mind you, Trevor says he likes the RX a lot more than the Mercedes GLE he had previously: “If there’s one big difference, it’s the handling. As you went round a bend in the Mercedes, you’d get swung over to the other side of the car. This corners really nicely.”…

Chris_Rosamond@autovia.co.uk THERE are many different ways that consumers and reviewers can make use of the Driver Power survey data, but one of the most important is as an aid to making choices within the various car classes. That’s something most buyers will do in the real world, after all, and that’s why the class results of the Driver Power survey are so significant. As usual, we’ve split the results into their different vehicle classes, ranging from city cars through SUVs to executive cars and sports models. This year there are no less than 11 different classes covering all the cars ranked in the top 75 slots of the survey. Definite trends are emerging. Last year we highlighted five Korean models in the top 12 of the small SUV class, and…

SAME CLASS BMW 118i CHOOSING the BMW 1 Series brings similar compromises to the Mercedes A-Class. It’s not the most spacious hatchback for rear-seat occupants, and out on the road, the ride is on the firmer side. However, it more than compensates for some of its shortcomings in other areas Unlike the A-Class, the upshot of that suspension response is a fun chassis; if you want the most engaging car in the segment, then look no further. At 134bhp, the 118i petrol is closer in power to the DS 4, but the slick dual-clutch auto means it feels almost as fast on the road as the A-Class – a feeling that’s confirmed by its sprightly 8.8-second 0-62mph time. ● Great to drive● Strong performance● Competitive pricing ● Firm ride● Cramped…

NEW PRODUCT Bridgestone Turanza All Season 6 Price: TBC Contact: bridgestone.co.uk WITH around a fifth of cars in Europe using all-season tyres, it’s a sector makers can’t ignore, so Bridgestone has just updated its touring offering with the launch of the Turanza All Season 6. As with Bridgestone’s other recent products, the newcomer has been designed to meet drivers’ requirements following extensive market research. And the result is a tyre that promises top braking all year round, snow performance and long life. The Japanese manufacturer took the All Season 6 to leading independent testing house TUV SUD for comparison with tyres from Continental, Goodyear and Michelin. It says the Bridgestone was best in the wet and second to the Michelin on snow and in the dry. Michelin’s CrossClimate 2 had a…

Porsche Boxster and Cayman Brian Long (Veloce Publishing, veloce.co.uk) Price: £55 Rating: NOT a buying guide, but a history of the 981 generation of the cars, following Long’s earlier book on the 986 series introduced in 1996. It’s thorough and well written, although a lot of space that could have been better used is given over to brochures. The Complete Book of Classic MG Cars Ross Alkureishi (Motorbooks, quartoknows.com) Price: £35 Rating: A VERY informative and interesting resource. Covering an entire marque in one title means individual entries aren’t the most detailed, but a good balance is struck. Oddly, it’s written in American English, but the imagery is a highlight, and this would make a great coffee table book. Car Out Available for: iOS, Android Price: Free Rating: A CLONE…

In association with CO2/tax 143-149g/km £200 Running costs 49-51mpg (640d) £101.50 fill-up Performance 0-62mph/top speed 5.4 seconds/155mph WHEN Mercedes launched the original CLS in 2004, this swoopy four-door coupé was a bigger draw than the manufacturer anticipated. It was such a hit that Mercedes’ biggest rivals eyed up its success, and they decided that they really ought to have a piece of the action, by introducing their own style-led executive contenders. Audi launched the A7 Sportback in 2010 and the following year BMW revealed the 6 Series Gran Coupé. At this point BMW had a long history of producing sleek coupés, but it had never made one with four doors. The 6 Series Gran Coupé hit the spot in many ways, but was never going to be a big seller,…

Alex_Ingram@autovia.co.uk @AxleIngram ● Verstappen leads into Montreal ● Rivals are finding pace, though “It’s hard to see anyone managing to put up a strong challenge to Red Bull’s Max Verstappen in Montreal” FORMULA One heads to Canada for round nine of the 2023 season, and it’s the second race of the last four that could be placed into doubt due to the effects of extreme weather. Following the cancellation of round six in Italy due to severe flooding in the Emiglia Romagna region where the Imola circuit is located, wildfires close to Montreal have again caused concerns that the race might be called off. If it goes ahead, it’s hard to see anyone managing to put up a strong challenge to Red Bull’s Max Verstappen. A mix of flawless performances…

Toyota commits to hydrogen LM racer THE weekend of the Le Mans 24 Hours saw a flurry of new racing cars revealed (including Alpine, below), and Toyota pitched up with the hydrogen-powered GR H2. The ACO, which sets the rules for the race, has created a hydrogen class for 2026, which Toyota could enter with a vehicle inspired by the GR H2. The class is open to cars with hydrogen fuel cells – such as the system fitted to the Toyota Mirai road car – or prototypes with a traditional combustion engine adapted to run on hydrogen. Toyota has chosen to go for the latter with the GR H2, which should ensure a similarly exciting sound to the existing Hypercars. Toyota hasn’t revealed details about the powertrain, except that the…