Indice dei contenuti per August 2021 in Practical Classics

► NEW TRADING SITE The Association of Heritage Engineers has launched a not for profit website called ‘Autojumble Marketplace’ to help fund its work supporting education and training within the heritage sector. When you visit autojumblemarketplace.com you will be supporting a new generation of UK-based enthusiasts, owners and engineers. The website offers free standard adverts and feature listings are free to AoHE individual and trade members. The site also encourages the posting of stolen stuff to help combat theft and fraud.…

IN THE NEWS Following a British economic downturn, secretaries at Colt Ventilation and Heating Ltd in Surbiton volunteer to work an extra half day for free to safeguard their firm’s future. The campaign rapidly snowballs, becoming the I’m Backing Britain campaign. Even Bruce Forsyth records a single - it sells 7319 copies. Things wind down later in the year when politicians start to get involved. AT THE FLICKS It’s little-remembered now, but The Lion in Winter wins three Oscars, including one for Katharine Hepburn. It’s also notable for those who pop up alongside her and Peter O’Toole. Anthony Hopkins is Richard the Lionheart, in his first major film, while the 22-year-old Timothy Dalton makes his movie debut as King Philip II of France. IN THE CHARTS There’s European discord when…

Your road trip stories please I took an Austin Allegro to Barcelona to pick up a new set of wheels for it. Also been to Monaco and Le Mans many times, plus Nürburgring and Spa. Venice in about 1972, our whole year of architecture students from Bath. I took three colleagues in my new Simca 1000 Spécial. Stopped over in Switzerland overnight, with me in the car and the others in a tent. Me and my son did 1100 miles in four days in our Austin Maxi visiting the Normandy beaches in France then over to the Somme then back to Leeds. Our Maxi didn’t miss a beat. Flew to California to drive my son’s car home to Virginia while he was on deployment to Afghanistan. Instead of the usual…

Citroën 2CV & Peugeot 205 CTis I spotted this 2CV outside the Deli in Hay-on-Wye. Then, while walking back to my car, these Peugeot 205s that I often see in the area were parked nose to nose. Colin Lawrence, Hay-on-Wye 1978 Reliant Kitten van I haven’t seen one of these for ages... It was parked up in Wivenhoe. Iain Wilton, Colchester 1979 Vanden Plas Allegro I recently came across this extremely clean and tidy Vanden Plas (Allegro) parked up outside of a well-known supermarket in Dunston, Tyne & Wear. Paul Anderson, Tyneside 1967 Wolseley 6/110 A splendid Wolseley 6/110 (with overdrive) seen in Fairoaks Airport (near Woking) car park. Malcolm Wells, Ottershaw Volvo 850 and trailer I saw this fabulous Volvo 850 and bespoke trailer on my last summer vacation…

The online world has become a central part of classic-car activities. We order parts online, we book events, we communicate on forums and through social media, we buy cars, we bid in auctions. In short, the magic web has expanded the possibilities massively. We could hardly live without it. And with that fact come the downsides. The organisations in control of our online activities, particularly the transactional and delivery websites, wield huge power while making it hard to question their practices and engage in disputes. Two such big-time players have recently made my blood boil, both for the bad things they have done and for the frustration in seeking a remedy. First, eBay. I’ve just sold four suspension-related items I didn’t need any more: a pair of dampers, a set…

FRI-SAT JUL 9-10 Mathewsons, live online, Thornton-Le-Dale, North Yorkshire. (01751 474455, mathewsons.co.uk) WED JUL 14 Charter house Auctions, Haynes Motor Museum, Sparkford, Somerset. (01935812277, charter-house-auction.com) FRI JUL 16 Barons Auctions’ Summer Classic, Sandown Park, Esher Surrey. (023 8066 8413, barons-auctions.com) FRI-SAT JUL 16-17 Bonhams MPH, Bicester Heritage, Bicester, Oxfordshire. (020 7648 5801, bonhams.com/departments/MOT-CAR/) SAT JUL 17 Histories, Windsorview Lakes, Berkshire. (01753 639170, histories.eo.uk) FRI JUL 30 South West Vehicle Auctions’ classic sale, Parkstone, Poole, Dorset. (01202 745466, swva.co.uk) SAT JUL 31 Silverstone Classic Sale, The Wing, Silverstone Circuit, Northants. (01926 691141, silverstoneauctions.com) THU AUG 5 Brightwells’ Classic & Vintage, Leominster, Herefordshire. (01568 611122, brightwells.com)…

1961 Ford Anglia 105E Price: £9500 From the land of Find Another, this Anglia has been in the same family for all of its sixty years and has racked up just 45,000 miles in all that time. 1977 Autobianchi Giardiniera Price: £10,995 Continuation of the Fiat 500 model and one of the last built. Restored in Italy eight years ago and brought to the UK soon after. 1984 Reliant Scimitar GTC Price: £8750 A late model, so one of the 70 originally built with a galvanised chassis. Good history, plus a reconditioned gearbox fitted just 1000 miles ago.…

I understand that the majority of people care more about their dishwashers than their cars, yet I still can’t help feel the bile rising when I see a perfectly good garage go to waste. Let me paint this familiar picture. There is a single or even (heaven forbid) a double garage down the street, its door opens as its owner struggles to extract a lawn mower. Peeking in, you see why he’s struggling, as there’s a sea of domestic detritus piled from floor to ceiling. Pieces of forgotten tat are given pride of place, while the family vehicle sits outside, suffering the worst the elements can deliver. Aside from the fact that, second to his house, that car is likely the largest financial investment this guy has made, that’s not…

Grubby! James’s 2CV is a daily workhorse, covering thousands of miles a year. As it should be, we reckon. But that means regular maintenance is vital! Ever felt a little overwhelmed by your projects? In this case, it’s my own fault for taking on too many basket cases recently. With more of my summer plans cancelled, it does feel like there’ll be chances to finish some jobs this year – from the replacement of my Smart’s brakes and CX fault-finding to the completion of my Berlingo and AX – along with a detailed probe of another new project… my first Ford, don’t you know! Details of all that soon but first, with the 2CV dripping oil on my driveway after its recent adventure to Cornwall (PC, July 2021), it made…

In answer to Tim Bonfield about resetting valve clearances on a Rover 3.5 V8 after a head gasket swap: I seem to remember that they had hydraulic lifters so there would be nothing to adjust. Ray Reeve, via email I’ve discovered that it’s incredibly awkward to time the A-series motor because the front crossmember is in the way of the timing pointer with its degree marks located near the bottom of the pulley. So, I added a little pointer and stuck a Dymo labeller calibration strip to the outside of the crankshaft harmonic balancer pulley, with the engine at TDC, where it could actually be seen. Toby Duffell, Pheonix, Arizona…

The appeal of a classic car-friendly hotel will be obvious to us all, which is why we jump at the chance to stay with Classic Lodges when we’re on our road trips around Britain. While each hotel has its own unique characteristics, from majestic mansions to town and village locations, they share the same dedication to classic car enthusiasts, with staff at each hotel able to offer advice and ideas for local classic car runs and attractions at beautiful locations nearby. Classic Lodges Director of Marketing Richard Smith is an MGB GT owner himself and says he knows the value of a classic friendly hotel. ‘We make sure enthusiasts are catered for and that each staff member is tuned into the classic car community.’ WIN A CHAMPAGNE AFTERNOON TEA WITH…

Prices are researched from several sources, including clubs, auctions, the trade and advertisements online and in print. Prices are reviewed and updated every issue. Our C/D rating is a basic guide to what you can expect to pay (£) for the best examples of a model, a concours car or something from a dealer. CONDITION 1 means well-presented cars that have no obvious faults. CONDITION 2 cars are capable of regular use. They have a current MoT certificate but will need work and/or original parts. ONDITION 3 cars usually need a full rebuild, but may be driveable and MoT’d. PLEASE NOTE You can’t value any car without seeing it - don’t buy blind. KEY auto: automatic cab: cabriolet con: convertible est: estate lhd: left-hand drive lim: limousine rwd: rear-wheel drive…

Restoring Richard Richard Hammond’s Workshop is a new docuseries coming to Discovery+ that will follow Richard Hammond as he starts a prestige classic car restoration and repair business. It will feature local characters and Richard’s family as he ropes them in to help. Loan success The Classic Car Loan Project has recently celebrated yet another milestone, with over 20 cars now participating, encouraging young drivers to get behind the wheel! The scheme has been in action for over five years. If you would like to get involved, visitclassiccarloanproject.co.uk. MX-5 record Fingers crossed that the Mazda MX-5 Owners’ Club have succeeded in smashing two world records: the largest parade of Mazdas and the largest parade of convertibles. The MX-5-1K attempt was made at Elvington Airfield near York on Sunday June 20…

THU-SUN JUL 8-11 SUSSEX Goodwood Festival of Speed, PO18 0PH (goodwood.com). SAT JUL 10 WARKS Mogfest (Morgans) at the British Motor Museum, CV35 0BJ (britishmotormuseum. co.uk). WORCS Heritage Transport Show at the Evesham Vale Light Railway, WR11 4DS (evlr.co.uk). SAT-SUN JUL 10-11 CHESHIRE Cheshire Steam Fair at Daresbury, WA4 4AS (outdoorshows. co.uk). SUN JUL 11 SHROPSHIRE Classic Car Show at Weston Park, TF11 8LE (classicshows. org). WEST MIDS Classic Car Day at Walsall Arboretum, WS1 2QB (classic- motorevents.com). HANTS Simply Land Rover at Beaulieu, SO42 7ZN (beaulieu.co.uk). WARKS BMC & Leyland Show at the British Motor Museum, CV35 0BJ (britishmotormuseum. co.uk). WORCS Malvern 4x4, Land Rover and Vintage Spares Day, WR13 6NW (markwoodwardclassice- vents.com). SAT JUL 17 HANTS Simply Vauxhall at Beaulieu, SO42 7ZN (beaulieu.co.uk). SAT-SUN JUL 17-18 WORCS Classic…

I first restored this Spitfire when I was 16. My parents bought it for me as an unfinished project, and with help from my dad and my brother, I restored it to a high standard. All of the underside, including the arches, was body colour (it was blue then), sitting on a white chassis. It really was a head turner. Some 28 years later, in 2013, the car was starting to look a little tatty. I knew underneath the flaky paint and surface rust that it was a good car, but I had a decision to make - whether to restore it or to sell it. That really wasn’t a difficult choice. Having just started a family and with limited space, I tackled the project in stages, working from the…

Clues Across 1 A 20 or 25 from the Thirties (5,5) 8 __litre, engine size of the Daihatsu Charade GTti (3) 9 Initials and surname of the man who founded Alvis in 1919 (2,4) 10 Lancia models from the 1950s (8) 11 A nameplate attached to a few Ferrari models including the 166 (5) 12 A component we connect with cam, fan and timing (4) 13 Reverse __rear window, a feature of the Ford Anglia 105E (4) 14 __car, a vehicle for around town (4) 15 A Californian version of this Hillman arrived in 1953 (4) 17 Car insurance category (5) 18 Kia off-roader (8) 20 A fruity and popular colour for the Bond Bug! (6) 21 Aston Martin launched it in 1967 (3) 22 Classic Ferrari first seen in…

If you’ve ever driven an Eighties turbo, then the manner in which power is delivered will come as no surprise. It’s not like a modern high-pressure, infinitely variable turbo that adjusts itself to offer optimal performance at all times. No. It’s a lot more fun than that, in the gloriously analogue way that only a car from the days where ‘Turbo’ meant something truly can be. Make no mistake – it’s crude. The combination of turbo and carburettor means it has to be properly set up to start with, refinement is far from its strong point and underneath all this is the competent but hardly pin-sharp chassis of a Montego, so don’t expect anything close to a supercar. But what the MG has in spades is charm. The frenetic power…

Some cars are born classics. Cars like the Jaguar E-type and Lamborghini Miura, which are undeniably, heart-stoppingly beautiful. As a result, they survive proportionally in far greater numbers than the cars you see in this feature. The Rover 420iS, for example, is a much rarer car than an E-type. One of just nine left. Yet one that a lot more people than that have fond memories of. You see, it’s all very well saying a car is unexceptional, but there’s a very big difference between unexceptional and uninteresting. Cars are part of the fabric of society. They are as much a part of our heritage as our buildings and our antiques, snapshots of time and marker points in history. And for the vast majority of the population, it’s unexceptional cars…

James likes the... CORGI ONE When the Sierra launched in ‘82, I loved its futuristic styling so I spent my pocket money that week on a superb 1/43 scale Corgi model. It had a fixed bonnet but opening doors and tailgate, reclining seats and a moveable rear parcel shelf. Very important stuff to a six-year-old boy. Most importantly, it was a top of the range 2.3 Ghia. Matt G likes the... ICONIC ONE They say that you shouldn’t meet your heroes, but I test-drove a Sierra RS500 Cosworth a number of years ago and it certainly didn’t disappoint. That particular car was part of the Ford Heritage Collection at Dagenham and had been used to train people in the art of high speed driving - it was the epitome of…

Oil leaks have plagued the front of the 2.5-litre engine that I built for the GT6 a couple of years ago. Despite what I thought at the time was a careful build, it’s been disappointing to see the pristine new engine take on a grimy appearance as oil oozed out, spread and collected dirt. The problem hasn’t been a single leak, but two. First there was the timing cover oil seal, which I reported last year had been cured by following Chris Witor’s advice to fit a good old fashioned leather seal in place of the usual rubber lip seal. Chris has found that, for no obvious reason, some Triumph sixes are ‘persistent leakers’ from this particular seal and the more forgiving leather seal cures the problem. So, it was…

The dynamo and control box combination provided electrical power for cars for most of the 20th century until the alternator took over in the Sixties, when electrical equipment became more plentiful and power-hungry, and production costs became increasingly important. The Lucas ACR alternator has an internal voltage regulator, superseding the AC range with external regulation, and was available as the 28amp 15ACR, through to the 66amp 20ACR in essentially the same package, contrasting with the 20 or so amps from a standard dynamo. We’ve stripped a generic ACR facsimile to see what’s inside. [A] STATOR The principles underlying the alternator’s function are the same as a dynamo’s: when a conductor is passed through a magnetic field, a current is induced in the conductor, its direction changing when magnetic field’s direction…

► The project to buy and restore a Type 2 bus has taken a year longer than expected. Now it is time to put it to good use. ► Purchase – Danny and Dave Youngs from Lancaster Insurance buy the camper from the previous owner. It ran, it drove… it needed a complete rebuild. ► Assess, strip, repair – Tomkins gets stuck in to a stripped shell. The interior is off to Newton Commercial and the engine parts are incoming from Heritage. ► Paint/engine – the bare shell is painted at CBR Classic Restorations while the engine goes south for rebuilding by Ed Hughes. Then COVID-19 hits. ► New Inside – Danny picks up the complete camper interior from the Newton Commercial team in Suffolk.…

BMW M3 and M4 ISBN: 987-1-787115-79-8 £30 The complete history of these two legends of the Autobarn is explored in this lavishly illustrated hardback, right up to 2021. This latest edition of the comprehensive book includes model specs and special editions, cutaway drawings and fascinating storytelling. Humber Cars ISBN: 978-1-445697-58-1 £15.99 The full story of Humber’s post-war era is, here, explored through fascinating rare and previously unpublished images. It includes the marque’s association with royalty and government through to its eventual; demise in 1976. Vauxhall Cars ISBN: 978-1-78442-546-5 £8.99 The concise history of Britain’s oldest motor manufacturer and its cars, explained accessibly and interestingly in this informative paperback right up to the modern day. shirebooks.co.uk…

Douglas, Isle of Man August 23, 1968 We’re indebted to reader Nigel Hughes for passing on this image taken by his father, a superb ship photographer with a particular affection for the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company. This 1968 shot shows its modernist Sea Terminal in Douglas, three years after construction. But it looks like further work has been called for. Waiting to greet ferry passengers is a fantastic array of Douglas Corporation AEC Regent double-decker and Reliance single-decker buses. Cars have been relegated to finding space amid all the motorbikes and building material. There is a Rover P4 on the left, followed by a 1955 Hillman Minx Mk8a in distinctive ‘Gay Look’ two-tone. A BMC 1100/1300 hugs the kerb, behind a Standard Vanguard Phase III and a Ford…

Still got dad’s cars I’ve just opened my July issue of PC and will spend the next few days enjoying my monthly classic car fix! I still have three of my dad’s cars! A 1989 Rover 800 SE is the most recent, followed by a 1985 216 MkI Vitesse and lastly a 1965 Vanden Plas 1100. The 216 has an amazing amount of rust, but a great interior and is Moonraker Blue, which looked amazing when dad bought it when it was just seven months-old! Dad bought the 800 when that was two years-old. I took on the 800 when dad passed on and the Vitesse was laid up with a view to restoring it sometime. But what about the Vanden Plas? Dad bought it in 1973 – a totally…

‘We unmodified it back to factory spec’ 1963 Morris Minor Convertible Graham and Holly Hawkes (and Zeba), Northam Our Minor was originally bought as a saloon and went to live in Bridgnorth with a lady for 36 years. She died and left it to her best friend in Brixham and her husband took the roof off and put a Datsun engine in it. We bought it in 2016 and the engine was clapped out, so I put an A-series and gearbox back in. In 2017 it appeared in the Hugh Grant drama TV mini series, A Very English Scandal. ‘I used lockdown to get it road legal after 16 years’ 1980 Austin Maxi Kees Buijs, The Netherlands I would love to see my latest acquisition in this section of your…

Plan and label. Those are the two things that helped Michael to get his Montego over the line - by working out what he needed in advance and making sure he had it in time for the rebuild, he was able to get his hands on a number of useful new-old-stock parts he might not have tough of otherwise. In addition, by carefully labelling everything that came off the car and in the sequence it came off, along with keeping a photographic record, the process of putting it back together was made much simpler.…

On behalf of the committeeeeeeee!’. At one time a familiar catchphrase from Granada Television’s once well-known programme The Wheeltappers and Shunters Social Club. This gentle piece of Seventies humour starred self-effacing ‘comedian’ Bernard Manning and many others introducing turns (acts) in a pre-Northern Powerhouse working men’s... er, sorry, person’s club setting. It was really a television studio (oh no, sorry, someone had to tell you), but captured the atmosphere of real establishments run with an iron fist by committees. ‘Entertainment’ could be patchy, but clientele were often oblivious, having gulped their way through eleven pints of bargain price Federation Ale prior to attempting to drive their Reliant Regal the three miles home backwards. However, these cigarette smoke-infused sweat pits provided a harsh but fine training for some of Britain’s greatest…

Armstrong Siddeley Hurricane Not one, but four Armstrong Siddeleys! All discovered at a quarry in the Keswick area by Andrew Russell. This maroon beauty is what’s left of a once-elegant Armstrong Siddeley Hurricane. £50 STAR FIND Can you do better! Send your high-res images to practical.classics@bauermedia.co.uk Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire Even less remains of this Sapphire. The site is no longer a working quarry and Andrew couldn’t find anything out about ownership, but there is a small wood yard operating there. Farm Austins – Anglia – Porsche 924 Brian Hallsworth was out walking in Sheffield and came across a farm full of rotting relics. This panorama shows, amongst more modern classics, a couple of Austin A35s, a Ford Anglia E494A, and a Porsche 924. Armstrong Siddeley Hurricane A second Hurricane carcass…

‘Last real-world car that made me go ooh’ An abandoned search for a new car for my better half left me wondering where tomorrow’s everyday classics will come from. Or will a line be drawn in the post-millennial sand, this side of which is an automotive dark ages. There was simply nothing that offered any heart-tugging appeal amongst the grossly proportioned 4x4s or lumpy SUVs. All hatchbacks appear to have been created using the same basic Design-a-Car software, all with shared cues like an oversized grille, steep beltline, large triangular C-pillars that create blind spots you can hide a bus in, and ever-shrinking windows in the rear hatch. Hard to tell them apart. ‘We should be looking after older modern classics’ There seems to be no design flare being used…

1999 PEUGEOT 306 RALLYE Robert Steele, West Sussex Winner of our top hot- hatch countdown, it’s safe to say we’re fans of the 306 GTI-6/Rallye 2004 PORSCHE 911 C4S (996) Roddy Robertson, South Lanarkshire Roddy’s local Tarmac playground – the perfect place to exploit all that grip 1990 LANCIA DELTA INTEGRALE Ian Johnson, Lancashire Rare 8 V catalyst lowemission ’Grale sold new in Germany and Switzerland only We can help… ‘So many cars here that we would all love to have on our drives. Call us to discuss your requirements, so we can help turn your modern classic dream into a reality.’…

‘The MkIII really did see the Mondeo grow up’ I am finding myself with a bit of a hankering for a Ford Mondeo at the moment. I guess it’s all the talk about the current model, which is due to shuffle off this mortal coil next year, bringing to an end a continuous line of family saloons that kicked off in 1962 with the Cortina. I’ll put my cards on the table right here: I’ve always been a little ambivalent about Fords, figuring that there’s so much love for them that they don’t really need any help from me – so in the list of 250+ cars that I’ve owned, there are very few Fords. But the Mondeo is in there, and I’d love to have another. But not the…

Buying & selling modern classics in the real world Matt Tomkins A bargainous car trailer upgrade at the end of 2020 presented me with a problem. The stated gross weight of the new trailer was more than my Citroen C15 would be able to handle, while said van had sat unused on SORN since Boris told us to go home. The C15 was duly recommissioned and sold with a fresh MOT, and I sent a few other spare parts and unstarted projects packing, too. Soon, I had £1400 burning a hole in my pocket and a list of requirements for a new purchase. A new addition to the fleet would need to be cheap to tax, run and insure; it should have a large enough load space to replace the…

1970 Triumph TR6 Engine 2498cc/6-cyl/OHV Power 150bhp@5500rpm Torque 164lb ft@3500rpm Gearbox 4-speed man + o/d Work done Finally eradicted an annoyingly persistent engine leak! Can anyone see a pattern developing? Am I becoming a bit obsessive about oil leaks rather than simply accepting them as an inevitable part of classic life? Having spent plenty of time last year curing a persistent oil leak from the TR’s head gasket, I was disappointed to find another oily patch down the same side of its cylinder block. Closer investigation showed the leak wasn’t coming from the head gasket this time – cue sigh of relief – but from the pedestal that houses the drive from the camshaft to the distributor and Lucas PI metering unit. It turned out to be an easy fix.…

EXPLAINER: HOW AIR CON COOLS There’s no witchcraft involved, as car air con works on the same principle as the fridge-freezer in your kitchen. The system is filled with a refrigerant, which is normally a gas, but liquefies readily when pressurised. A compressor pump, driven by a belt from the engine rather than mains electricity, pressurises the gas. This creates heat, so the high pressure refrigerant is passed through an external radiator, like the finned cooling pipes on the back of a domestic fridge, where the warm gas condenses into a liquid state. The cooled liquid next travels through an evaporating unit inside the car, like the cooling plate in the back of a fridge. The refrigerant evaporates, absorbing heat and reducing the temperature. The blower fan sucks warm air…

ED’S JOB CARD FINISH YOU FLAT FOUR We’ve painstakingly assembled our crank, cam and engine casing. What follows should be fairly straightforward. Don’t be complacent though: a wonky circlip or something dropped in the crankcase could still spell calamity! How tough? You’ll need: ► General tool kit, ► Torque wrench, ► Oil or assembly lubricant Specialists: ► Heritage Parts Centre, 01273 444000; heritagepartscentre.com Will take: (HRS) 7 Will cost: (£)750 DIY saving (£) 350 The story so far… Once restored, this T2 will go on a tour of Britain’s best beaches – nominated by you. Then it will go to auction to raise money for Prostate Cancer UK, Lancaster Insurance’s nominated charity. This engine rebuild is supported by Heritage Parts Centre. FIT THE DIZZY DRIVE 1 Set crank position Set…

For the final instalment of this engine build, we supplied fresh tappets and valve springs to match the SCAT C25 camshaft fitted last month. Our 1641cc barrels and pistons have taken up residence between the case and the cylinder heads, and above them a pair of twin 34 carburettors will ensure there’s the right ratio of air and fuel to make the magic happen. Whilst we’ve invested in these performance upgrades, it is still a relatively low revving engine (5000rpm) and bolted behind a less-than slippery silhouette, so it’ll be important to drive it with respect to ensure longevity and years of enjoyment to come.…

Before choosing to upgrade to an alternator, ensure your existing charging system is working correctly. An alternator may not be necessary unless you do a lot of winter miles or have several accessories fitted. Take the car for a run in daylight. On your return, measure the voltage across the battery with the engine running at 2-3000rpm. It should be between 13.3 and 14.4V approx. If so, good! Now turn the lights on. See that at least 13V is maintained (preferably higher) at the same revs. If the car passes these tests and you don’t use it for winter commuting or daily short trips, it’s fine. Leave it. If it fails, first check and clean the wire from the voltage regulator to battery, ammeter terminals (if fitted) and earth of…