COOK AND THE PACIFIC
James Cook s first voyage, from 1768–71, on the Endeavour had a scientific intention, to observe Venus’s transit from Tahiti, but a secondary aim was to find ‘the great southern continent’, Terra Australis Incognita (it was widely believed that there was a huge southern land mass that ‘balanced’ the Eurasian one in the northern hemisphere). There was a botanist on board, Joseph Banks, an astronomer, Charles Green, as well as scientific assistants and artists.
After proving that this southern continent didn’t exist, Cook sailed to New Zealand, charting more than 5,000 miles of coastline. Over subsequent voyages, he mapped Tahiti, Easter Island, the Marquesas Islands, Tonga and the New Hebrides so accurately that his information was used as recently as 50 years ago.
Cook benefitted from…